Dream of Mordecai
Greek Esther Addition A; medieval Aramaic recension
The dream precedes Esther in the Greek additions. The Rösel Bible explicitly names and copies a medieval Aramaic recension after Esther 10. Gavin McDowell argues that this is not an independent ancient Aramaic source: the Greek addition re-entered Jewish literature through the tenth-century Sefer Yosippon, was translated into Aramaic with recognizable targumic techniques, and circulated with Targum Sheni. Shlomi Efrati’s identification of another copy in a restored Turin manuscript shows that its manuscript history is still being recovered.
Scholarship: Gavin McDowell, “The Aramaic Dream of Mordechai as a Targum of Sefer Yosippon” (2025); Shlomi Efrati, “Lost and Found Manuscripts of Targum” (2024)
Prayers of Mordecai and Esther
Greek Esther Addition C; Aramaic adaptation
These paired prayers belong to Greek Esther Addition C and have no counterpart in the Masoretic form of Esther. Scholars emphasize that the relationship among the Masoretic text, Old Greek Esther, and the Alpha Text is too complex for a single agreed reconstruction. Their later Aramaic adaptation survives on fols. 29v–30v of LC Hebr. Ms. 158 and after the dream narrative in the Rösel Bible, showing that the Greek additions could be reworked inside medieval Jewish Targum transmission.
Scholarship: Tyler Smith and Kristin De Troyer, “The Additions of the Greek Book(s) of Esther” (2021)
Megillat Antiochus
Related post-biblical Jewish historical text
A medieval Aramaic account of the Hasmonean revolt and the origins of Hanukkah, included here as related non-canonical material rather than misclassified as a biblical book. Scholars describe it as a widely copied and translated Jewish composition whose authority came through festival use and transmission, not inclusion in the Jewish biblical canon. Harley MS 1861 preserves it on fol. 309 after its biblical and liturgical contents.
Scholarship: “The Scroll of Antiochus in Judeo-Persian” (2025)